The PIP (positive ion probe) instrument was used to measure small scale structure of the positive ion density.
All three sounding rockets were equipped with the CONE (COmbined sensor for Neutrals and Electrons) instrument to measure small scale structure of neutral air and electron density, and neutral temperature.
The results from our analysis showed that soil and water conservation measures, small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, and livelihood diversification are found to be the dominant adaptation options that farmers used in response to climate change and variability.
A policy that promotes the adoption of soil and water conservation measures, small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, and livelihood diversification strategies should be central to food security strategy in the study area.
Use of soil and water conservation measures, small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, and livelihood diversification strategies is considered as an adaptation option and found to be the dominant climate change adaptation options used by the farmers in the study area.
The specific objective of the paper is, therefore, to estimate the effect of adoption of soil and water conservation measures, small-scale irrigation, agronomic practices, and livelihood diversification strategies as climate change adaptation options on household food security status measured by household calorie intake/day per adult equivalent using propensity score matching techniques.
This indicates that the return to investment in soil and water conservation measures; small-scale irrigation; agronomic practices; and diversifying livelihood options each does generate reliable results, especially in areas where climate change and variability adversely affects agriculture which is considered as the main livelihood option of the households.
Regarding biosecurity measures, small-scale companies rarely had any concept of planning transport routes (p = 0.014).
Unlike the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which measures small-scale green spaces in a standardized way, and other more specific synthetic measures of greenness, our index only measured the degree of greenness in each census block.
The instrument is able to measure small-scale (down to tens of meters) density variations that result from the complex magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction.
We propose the use of a novel spatiotemporal analytical framework (ST-BBD), based on the beta-binomial distribution (BBD) model, to measure small-scale aggregation in animal movement data sets, including two simulated and three collected primate data sets.
