After the Cahuzac scandal broke, Hollande reinforced measures on financial corruption, ethics and transparency in political life.
As a result I would also suggest using this data alongside Transparency International's Corruption Perception index, which gives a measure of corruption based on surveys with real businesses and investors.
But then Roberts relies on a very narrow measure of corruption: "Ingratiation and access … are not corruption," he writes, quoting Citizens United.
Mr. Buhari's iron-fisted rule from 1983 to 1985 is best remembered for its austerity measures, the jailing of politicians on corruption charges, and the execution of drug traffickers.
As a measure for corruption control, we use the corruption control index of the International Country Risk Guide ICRGG) provided by the Political Risk Services PRSS).
Participants in the In-dataset often focused on corruption and related terminology "corrupted", "corrupt", "scam", "brashtachar" (Hindi: corruption).
The literature on measuring corruption suggests that corruption can be studied through the measurement of perceived corruption, as well as perceived willingness to pay bribes and bribe payments [ 43].
Several hundred big tax evaders have been identified, yet so far none has been convicted or imprisoned.Piecemeal adoption of measures and failure to crack down on corruption have left the health system in disarray.
Joseph Stiglitz, who served as the World Bank's chief economist from 1997 to 2000, and later won a Nobel Prize, said, "China has had an impressive record of growth and poverty reduction, and yet by many measures it does not score well on corruption".
-- Details on corruption and anti-corruption measures.
