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The construct validity of the PTDS was supported by appropriate correlations with other relevant measures of trauma related psychopathology.
The ISS is a frequently used anatomical scoring system that correlates linearly with mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, and other measures of trauma severity [ 28].
Table 2 provides an overview of convergent and divergent validity for the PTDS and some other self-report measures of trauma related psychopathology.
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Future studies have to show if this result can be generalized to other measures of trauma-spectrum disorders.
Single-item measures of trauma-related guilt and anger also show moderate to large pre- to post-treatment and pre- to follow-up effects for PE [ 49, 51].
As a measure of PTSD symptom severity, the PDS and the German translation have demonstrated high reliability and high correlations with other measures of trauma-related psychopathology [ 27, 28].
812 people living in Sarajevo or in Banja Luka in Bosnia-Herzegovina, of whom the majority had experienced a high number of traumatic war events, were administered the PTDS and other measures of trauma-related psychopathology.
The TLEQ is a 19-item broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure covering natural disasters to physical assaults and rape.
It was derived from Part 4 of the HTQ [ 26], which is a longer measure of trauma symptoms specifically designed for use in refugee populations.
The Trauma Model used two types of aggregate socioeconomic scores of disadvantage including a measure of trauma risk, correlating the likelihood of increased rates of trauma with socioeconomic status [ 22].
Early adversity and abuse were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), an established self-report measure containing 28 items, validated against interview measures of childhood trauma and maltreatment (Bernstein & Fink, 1997; Bernstein et al., 1994).
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