Main Outcome Measures: Total knee extension forces (raw and body-weight normalized values) generated by each subject were correlated with 3 measures of stand-up performance.
Logically, LiDAR models describing TSV should combine stem height with variables that provide a measure of stand density and stem diameter.
Hsd describes variation in LiDAR heights in the canopy and provides a measure of stand porosity (the ratio or percentage of pore space to the space occupied by tree stems, branches, twigs and leaves).
Allometries can be modified to take into account some measure of stand density (such as basal area), but this requires additional parameters, and the appropriate stand metrics and functional forms are not known.
Plot level characteristics include a measure of stand age, either estimated by researchers or obtained from coring information, and an estimate of stand aspect, taken as the direction of slope of the subplot to the nearest degree determined along the direction of slope with North set as 360.
Height:diameter ratios are an important measure of stand stability.
Results: Low to moderate correlations (r = −.323 to −.526) were found between knee extension forces and the stand-up performance measures of bench stand time and stand-up difficulties.
