From this analysis, the number of different T patterns (PatDiff) and the total number of T-pattern occurrences (PatOcc) were extracted as measures of route-tracing behaviour.
This GIS-based toolkit generates a suite of over 40 variables describing route characteristics such as distance, travel time, speed statistics, number of intersections, number of turns, number of stop signs/stop lights, and a measure of route circuity, to name a few.
We measured the route fidelity in this study by calculating the distance between each point on one flight path and its nearest-neighbouring point on the next, providing a measure of route fidelity at each location at which the bird was recorded.
The sequence of position changes (coded as distinct cage locations) was transferred from the EthoVision into the Theme software package (Noldus Information Technology) to measure recurring sequences of events (T patterns) as a measure of route tracing (for a detailed discussion of Theme and this approach see Brilot et al. 2009; Feenders & Bateson 2012).
Using the normalizing Equation (6), let us determine the normalized measures for route 1 (Figure 7). Figure 7 Determination of the normalized measure for further classification of route 1 fragments.
In this subsection, we describe the distance metric used to measure the quality/fitness of route bundles.
In previous work, SOD differences are typically small or non-existent for measures of landmark and route knowledge (Ishikawa & Montello, 2006).
Clifford Weisel, a professor of environmental and occupational health at UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, suggests the TCAA biomarker would be useful in a study when combined with some measure of other routes of DBP exposure, such as showering and bathing.
It is unclear who will pay to restore traffic calming measures along the route of the Olympic cycle road race, BBC Surrey has learned.
The cumulative gain is the measure of the shortening of route not of its length.
In this equation, τ d ′ ( S ) is the travel time that driver d knows for a route S ∈ P d, τ(S) is the travel time of route S measured in the current iteration, P d is the route that driver d has traversed in the current iteration and β∈[0,1] is a parameter that weights the travel time update of the routes that driver d has not traversed.
