As cultured astrocytes do not express NMDA receptors (Backus et al., 1989; Chan et al., 1990; B. Fogal and S.J. Hewett, unpublished data) and have previously been shown to survive up to 8 hr of GD (Jackman et al., 2012), LDH measurements can be used as a specific measure of neuron cell death.
Putative measures of mirror neuron activity suggest that mirror neurons respond preferentially to biological motion, but it remains unclear whether enhanced cortical activity occurs during the observation of any behaviour, or whether that behaviour needs to be associated with a particular object or goal.
These parameters are considered as quantitative measures of the neurons performance in the processing of synaptic inputs.
Rat pups receiving intraplantar injections of the painful inflammatory agent complete Freund's adjuvant, on P8, had more BrdU-labelled cells and a higher density of cells expressing doublecortin, both measures of newborn neurons, in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (Leslie et al., 2011 ).
Given that manipulating γ-secretase could affect neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation via Notch signaling, we measured levels of neuron-specific β3-tubulin in neurons of all genotypes following treatment with GSI and GSM.
We also made use of the following data for each participant: age, sex, disease duration, score on the Movement Disorder Society UPDRS III (Goetz et al., 2008) while off medications, score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment battery and striatal binding ratio (SBR) from SPECT measurements with the tracer [I]FP-CIT, a measure of dopamine neuron terminal density (Booij and Knol, 2007).
In the translation from the state vector to a scalar, spike-related measure of the neuron's propensity to firing, we defined HDE as the minimal excitatory synaptic strength capable of firing the neuron.
Hence, it is useful to introduce a lumped, functional and physiologically motivated measure of the neuron's state, directly related to spike generation.
In this paper we present a formal measure of the neuron's state directly related to spike generation, namely the History-Dependent Excitability (HDE), which lumps the different history-dependent dynamical variables of an arbitrary model neuron to a single, scalar value that describes its propensity to firing in any moment in time.
Effectively, this is a measure of a neuron's response to stimuli on a vertical line transecting the FRA at CF. Each RLF was classified into one of five previously reported types (Rees and Palmer, 1988; Winter et al., 1990).
