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The empirical results confirm the conventional wisdom that input and output measures of innovative activity are only marginally different between on- and off-incubator firms.
Overall, the program values firms on the basis of criteria, such as R&D investment and patent spending, consistent with empirically tested measures of innovative activity.
In the literature on non-financial innovations in manufacturing, researchers observe mostly R&D figures, patents, R&D expenditures, or the share of research staff as measures of innovative activity (e.g., Cohen and Klepper, 1996 and Helpman, 1992).
These channels variously feed through to determinants of firm-level performance (productivity, patenting and other measures of innovative activity), entrepreneurship and industry structure (firm entry and competition), openness (trade and FDI flows) and worker/consumer welfare (wages, employment and prices, as well as product/service mix).
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Ten of the globe's biggest power companies, representing 30% of global electricity generation, issued a declaration asking for the Paris COP to "accelerate the development and deployment worldwide of energy efficiency measures and of innovative technologies with effective policies".
The authors find that when subsidies are given to competitive sectors and distributed in a way that maintains or increases the level of competition within the industry, then the net impact of these subsidies on productivity, productivity growth over time and also the share of new products in total sales (which is a measure of how innovative a firm is being) is positive.
A focus on R&D spending might be a good way to gauge best practice within an industry, but it is not a measure of how innovative any company really is.
Rabbis, Jewish educators and the innovators themselves say that though there is no way of measuring the frequency of innovative Passover rituals, they think that New Jersey Jews may be in the vanguard.
This paper is part of an ongoing PhD research that addresses the issue of the measure and transferability of innovative problem solving skills within the engineering field.
To intensively analyze the process of LDC change two measures of narrative change were used: the Innovative Moments Coding System (IMCS), as a measure of innovation emergence, and the Return to the Problem Coding System (RPCS), as a measure of ambivalence towards change.
This year's Forward prize was won by Vahni Capildeo for Measures of Expatriation – an innovative work about displacement and identity that excites strong feelings and divides opinion.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com