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While there are limitations with regard to inferences that can be drawn from cross-sectional analyses, these data do not suggest any adverse effects for menthol cigarettes on measures of initiation and progression to increased smoking.
Against this backdrop of open questions, here we analyze the relationship between ORF length and measures of initiation and early elongation rates, across a diverse set of eukaryotic species.
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CTP measures timing of initiation of care, content of care (number of blood pressure readings, blood tests and ultrasound scans) and whether the interventions were received at an appropriate time.
Using these responses, we defined a measure of initiations per IDU, which takes account of equally shared responsibility among those present at initiation events.
Measures of clot initiation: ROTEM-CT (clot time) and FOR-COT1 and -COT2.
We found that both LMWH substances prolonged both instruments' measures of clot initiation in a significant dose-dependent manner, suggesting possible usefulness for postoperative monitoring.
We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the relative risk of breast cancer associated with different measures of smoking initiation, duration, and intensity adjusting for confounding variables.
We estimated the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer associated with different measures of smoking initiation: duration – the period in which the smoker had smoked, which was a strong determinant of the risk; and intensity – the number of cigarettes that were smoked during this period.
The rationale for using MFE as a measure of translation initiation is that an initiation codon would be inaccessible if it were embedded in a strong secondary structure and that accessibility of the initiation codon is a key determinant of translation initiation efficiency (Nakamoto 2006).
The laboratory blood tests were hypothesised to represent a sensitive measure of OAT initiation that might have less specificity for OAT initiation as it is associated with the monitoring of the effect of warfarin, but is not specific to anticoagulation management alone.
We will use both longitudinal quantitative surveys and qualitative focus group methods to examine key measures and determinants of initiation and use among this high risk group.
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