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This question might be approached using dietary intake data, measures of indoor exposure, and other techniques.
A validated questionnaire was used along with measures of indoor air quality (PM2.5 and CO) and outdoor PM2.5.
Environmental data gathered during the home visit included measures of indoor air quality and dust samples from the bedroom and living room.
The magnitude of risk estimate was smaller when other measures of indoor pollutants (24-h mean PM2.5, PM2.5 >2 SD and CO) were used.
In those subjects with asthma, a 10 μg/m increase in outdoor PM2.5 and PM10, relative to each subject session average, was associated with a 4.2 ppb [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3 7.1; p = 0.004) and 5.9 ppb (95% CI, 2.9 8.9; p = 0.000) increase in FENO, respectively. There was no association between FENO and the 24-hr measures of indoor PM2.5 or PM10.
Similar(55)
The purpose of the current study was to construct a measure of indoor environmental knowledge.
In addition to a dichotomous ever versus never indoor tanning variable, a frequency measure of indoor tanning was calculated: total number of sessions over the four age periods.
We believe hand-wipes represent a more biologically relevant measure of indoor exposure for PBDEs than dust sampled from the floor of a room.
Reporting the use of indoor stoves/fireplaces is a surrogate measure of indoor PAH exposure, but other factors (such as exterior air pollution from vehicular traffic in urban areas) may contribute to indoor air pollution levels [ 2].
They did find a significant association between 3PBA and permethrin concentrations in house dust, which might be argued is a more accurate measure of indoor use than is self-reported use during the previous month because the half-life of pyrethroids in dust may be longer than 1 month (Leng et al. 2005).
Therefore, our measures of potential indoor air exposures were relatively imprecise, potentially biasing those results towards the null, and we were unable to assess the additional exposure effects of living within close proximity of a major roadway.
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