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Patients also report on measures of indirect costs such as missed days of work and days when they were unable to do nonemployment-related activities.
How inheritance mechanisms collectively respond to social selection is not well understood, again highlighting the need for empirical measures of indirect effects of social and sexual selection.
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As a measure of indirect validation, denudation rates of 4.6 28.5 mm ka−1 were estimated and compared well to other studies in the region.
Thus, while the number of followers can be seen as a measure of indirect attention, the in-degree number can be seen as a measure for direct attention supported by action.
The use of income as a measure of indirect costs is also an imperfect measure of productivity.
The MDR-PDT is a within-family measure of indirect or direct association between genotype and disease.
Sick leave including self-certification was used as a measure of indirect costs.
All the HCA based studies included in our review used wage rate data to estimate productivity losses as a measure of indirect costs.
Results for individual tasks showed most improvement on tests measuring appreciation of indirect hints and recognition of social faux pas.
While Mr. Ginsborg makes reference to New York Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, Rupert Murdoch and other media entrepreneurs who have achieved a measure of direct or indirect political influence, he contends that Mr. Berlusconi represents a special case.
Quantifying these interventions allows for a tangible measure of an indirect result of introducing this new technology.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com