Wagner AK, Hammond FM, Sasser HC, Wiercisiewski D. Return to productive activity after traumatic brain injury: relationship with measures of disability, handicap, and community integration.
Objectives: To identify which factors are associated with successful return to productive activity (RTPA) 1 year after hospitalization with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine the relations between successful RTPA and other measures of impairment, disability, handicap, and integration into the community.
Performance Scales are a measure of handicap in twelve domains of neurologic function: mobility, hand function, vision, fatigue, cognition, bladder/bowel, sensory, spasticity, pain, depression, tremor/loss of coordination, and anxiety.
The Modified Rankin Scale is a widely used instrument that measures levels of handicap.
Quality of life (e.g. measures of pain, handicap, depression).
WHO defines "health" as a complete state of physical, mental and social well being, classified under four headings: Quantity of life (e.g. 5 year survival) Process-based measures (e.g. complication and readmission rates) Quality of life (e.g. measures of pain, handicap, depression) Satisfaction, including entitlement to privacy, courtesy, etc. (e.g. score on a satisfaction survey).
Overall, five out of six studies reporting some type of self-reported outcome measure of tinnitus handicap or severity demonstrated a positive benefit of training.
Since none of the studies took the opportunity to directly associate physiological change (as evidenced by a change in tinnitus sensation) with a change in a measure of tinnitus handicap or severity, all scored 1 for this criterion.
Measures of dizziness-related handicap, dizziness-provoking movements, and daily diary registrations of dizziness symptoms at pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant improvements in many domains, which translated to moderate effect sizes.
The THQ measures the perceived degree of handicap associated with tinnitus [ 45].
