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In a previous analysis, using change in plasma carotenoid concentration as the gold standard, we identified significant measurement error in two self-reported measures of fruit and vegetable consumption [ 25]; thus, plasma biomarker was the preferred measure to assess change in fruit and vegetable intake.
Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality.
The FFQ included approximately 120 food items and summary questions for fruits and vegetables that were used to compute energy intake and two measures of fruit and vegetable intake.
Not surprisingly, the three measures of fruit size (mass, length, and diameter) were all highly correlated with each other (r = 0.96, Table 2).
Overall, 27% of patients consumed <5 measures of fruit and vegetables/day, 20% exceeded alcohol limits, 50% had low levels of physical activity and 21% were obese.
These two items contribute to the Fibre and total FFBQ scores and are also are valid stand alone measures of fruit and vegetable intake [ 21].
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One week later, participants (n = 84) completed a self-report measure of fruit and vegetable intake over the previous week.
We tested the effect of extended drying of half the root system on fruit yield and fruit Ca concentration, an indirect measure of fruit quality, in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass).
We have previously shown that plasma vitamin C levels in this cohort positively correlate with fruit and vegetable intake [ 14]; we therefore used this biomarker as an indicative measure of fruit and vegetable intake.
Furthermore, our measure of fruit and vegetable intake was not captured using the gold standard of 24-h recall, which may have impacted our ability to examine more accurate changes in nutritional intake over time.
Plasma vitamin C provides a robust measure of fruit and vegetable intake and has been shown to be inversely related to mortality from cardiovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease in men and women[ 34].
More suggestions(15)
arrangements of fruit
measures of achievement
measures of eating
assessment of fruit
measures of delinquency
measures of well-being
measures of misery
measures of boredom
measures of worklessness
measures of privacy
measures of Expatriation
measures of revenue
measures of democratisation
measures of knowledge
measures of enthusiasm
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