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All direct measures of feed efficiency require accurate measurement of feed intake and energy uses such as BW, growth and body composition in young cattle (Arthur et al., 2001a and 2001b; Basarab et al., 2003, 2007 and 2011), and BW, fat mobilization and milk fat, protein and yield in lactating dairy cattle (Rius et al., 2012).
Do, D. N., Strathe, A. B., Jensen, J., Mark, T. & Kadarmideen, H. N. Genetic parameters for different measures of feed efficiency and related traits in boars of three pig breeds.
However, considerable within- and between-animal variation exists in DMI and measures of feed efficiency.
These latter two measures of feed efficiency should also be adjusted for body composition using final off-test ultrasound backfat thickness, marbling score and/or ribeye area.
Efficiency in feed intake (FI) is more difficult to quantify than growth, and as a result different measures of feed efficiency have been developed, each of which reflects different mathematical and biological aspects of efficiency.
These measures of feed efficiency are heritable (h = 0.26 to 0.43) and either moderately (RFI v. RG, r g = −0.46, r p = −0.40) or highly (RG v. RFI RG, r g = −0.87, r p = −0.85) correlated with each other (Crews, 2005; Crowley et al., 2010; Berry and Crowley, 2012).
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Activity scores and backtest traits had the lowest estimates of heritability (0.15 0.19), measures of feeding behavior were more variable (0.16 0.60) while production data had high heritabilities (>0.5).
These studies demonstrate that age-related deficits in behavioral and neurochemical measures of feeding are likely to be mediated, in part, by the orexin system.
We suggest future intra- and interspecific research of juvenile feeding competency utilize intake rates scaled by food size and geometry, as well as by detailed measures of feeding time (e.g., ingestion vs. mastication), in addition to food mechanical properties to facilitate comparisons across diverse food types and feeding behaviors.
Because of extensive variation in some parasitism treatment groups appeared to depend on caterpillar survival, we analyzed three different measures of feeding in relation to the survival of caterpillars to adulthood following the feeding assay.
Residual feed intake (RFI), also known as net feed efficiency, is growing in popularity as a measure of feed efficiency.
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