Even so, the perennially undervalued yuan has scarcely moved towards the Big Mac measure of fair value.
One way to get at this is to compare the ratio of house prices to rents in a country to its long-run average, as our measure of fair value in housing does.In Japan, Switzerland and Germany housing-to-rent ratios are below their long-run average.
Bigrams and trigrams are filtered according to the measure of Fair Symmetrical Conditional Probability and the LocalMaxs algorithm, defined in Silva et al. (1999 ).
The CCR of SU 1 and SU 2 are the mean number of calls which is determined by the BP and FTP of SU 1 or SU 2, described in detail in Section 4. FI is a measure of how fair the channel resources are shared among SU 1s and SU 2s [2s].
After determining the number and uniqueness of each PFGE pattern for isolates at each fair, we calculated the Simpson diversity index (D) as a measure of within-fair isolate diversity (14, 15 ).
However, these findings are not necessarily generalisable to overall sedentary or sitting time because TV viewing is a complex exposure that seems to be a poor index of overall ST. 17 In a recent US study comparing associations between TV time and objectively measured ST, associations were of fair magnitude, but were not consistent across population subgroups.
Standardized methods that are presumed to be fair measures of merit or ability must be reexamined with a new perspective that takes into account the diverse backgrounds of aspiring scientists.
In doing so, it sought to bring an expanded evidence base to the conduct of cognitive assessments in practice and to identify how assessments are being conducted to achieve culturally fair measures of functioning.
Preliminary evidence suggests that incomplete outcome data and selective reporting are the most difficult items to assess; kappa measures of agreement of 0.32 (fair) and 0.13 (slight) respectively have been reported for these.
It is the outcome of the measures – controlled, fair, properly managed migration – that is the end we seek".
