The amount of sample RNA corresponds to the amount of competitor when the ratio of competitor to target is 1.0.
The absolute size of competitors may be a better measure of competition than relative size (Ramseier and Weiner, 2006).
But Janney, who headed a task force on the subject of drugs, called for more vigilance, with measures like camera surveillance of competitors on race day.
Since Redfin publishes competitive dynamics for every offer our agents write, we measure the average number of competitors in a bidding war, which has declined from a peak of 16.3 in January to 7.8 in May.
All such models will have the property that ln-transformed fitness trajectories measured against a series of competitors isolated from different times deviate from parallelism.
The measure of competition we used is HHI, a measure of competition developed by economists to incorporate both the number of competitors and their relative market share in a single measure[ 26, 27] is defined as follows: where the sum is over all the competitors in the market.
The ITH includes proximity and relative size of competitors and thus measures both shading as well as crowding but will focus more on overtopping when compared to the CR13 and lBA indices.
During senescence, rats were individually trained to obtain chocolate rewards and then tested for their ability to obtain the rewards in the presence of a competitor; measures of post-competition circulating CORT concentration were also obtained.
In their 1996 study, Armstrong and Collopy also analyzed data amassed by scholars to measure the level of competitor orientation of 20 major corporations, as stated by the companies themselves, and how the level of competitor orientation was related to the firms' after-tax return on investment (ROI) for five nine-year periods beginning in 1938 and ending in 1982.
One way to ensure that hard-working executives get the bonuses they deserve is to include a relative measure of performance that compares results with those of competitors.
Purchases are carefully weighed and measured against competitors' devices.
