Barca appear to have the measure of City having beaten them twice at the same stage last season - for a 4-1 aggregate win - as well as their latest victory in Manchester.
Moreover, Girardin et al. showed that it was possible to define a measure of city attractiveness by exploring big data from photograph sharing websites [25].
In general, aggregate measures of a city can largely depend on the city size.
The seasonal expansion of the shelter system is one of the most visible measures of the city's response to homelessness, but it does not necessarily mean fewer homeless people will be seen on Manhattan streets.
Thumbing his nose at the security measures of a city fixated on "looking for bombs or guns or knives or tweezers," he gleefully skips through transportation terminals and sashays past armed guards to wander at will through landmark buildings.
Here, we show how deviations from scaling laws can be used to construct truly local measures of a city's organization and dynamics.
We expect quantitative measures of real city distributions may differ from our results somewhat due to spatial heterogeneity of the substrate (which would result in spatial variation of n(0), ρ, α and r), non-random migration, finite size effects, and other factors not accounted for in this model.
In New York, the $41.1bn housing plan, launched earlier this year, aims to keep 120,000 homes affordable and to build 80,000 more, through a mix of planning measures, the use of city land, subsidies and tax incentives for private sector developers.
IF one measure of a city is its architecture, Hartford is poised for a growth spurt as three of the city's major cultural institutions have announced multimillion-dollar building projects by high profile architects.
If the race is full of contrasts, it is a measure of the city itself.
