Mr. Darin's Marcos is every inch the swaggering Mephistophelean tutor in gleeful larceny while Mr. Pauls's Juan blends equal measures of animal cunning and naïveté into his portrait of a gifted novice in these games.
Here, we explore the proposal that such cognitive biases also exist in non-human animals, and could be used as novel measures of animal welfare.
We next examined how needs for multiple nutrients can be assessed experimentally using direct measures of animal performance as the common currency, so that the nutritional strategies of animals can be mapped on to the performance surface, including the position of regulated points of intake and points of nutrient balance when fed suboptimal foods.
All outcome measures of animal behavior and serum cytokines were obtained at 28 days.
From our analysis, the measures of animal behavior in this table tended to yield the highest significance level at one week after lumbar radiculopathy in the rat.
A small number of surveys have also used surrogate measures of animal exposure, such as pet ownership or animal care, to link zoonotic infections with human lymphoproliferative disease (Bross and Gibson 1970; Nowotny et al. 1995; Sordillo et al. 1982).
Outcome measures of animal behavior or serum cytokine concentrations that gave evidence of significant (p < 0.05) or near-significant differences among groups (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10) were investigated for correlation to measures of cartilage remodeling and lesion formation.
We surveyed the antimicrobial use policies of 17 political jurisdictions outside of the United States with respect to growth promotion, disease prevention, and veterinary oversight, and reviewed the available evidence regarding their production impacts, including measures of animal health.
Accurate measures of animal affect (emotion) are required in neuroscience, psychopharmacology, pain research, and animal welfare science in order to provide models of affective disorders with translational validity, knowledge about the affective component of pain, and better indicators of animal welfare.
After ANOVA and GLM investigations, a subset of outcome measures of animal behavior or serum cytokine concentrations with evidence of significant (P < 0.05) or near-significant (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) differences among groups was selected for study of potential correlations with measures of cartilage lesion formation.
