Diversity in the assemblages of coexisting species is one measure of alternative outcomes of succession.
The proposed approach ultimately aims to provide a quantitative economic measure of alternative façade design options that would be applicable to early design stage.
Changes in this value between case and control samples provide a quantitative measure of alternative splicing between the two conditions [28].
By a substantial margin the items with the three highest factor loadings on the Alternative subscale (Emo 0.80; Punk, 0.81; and Gothic, 0.80) were those used to construct our categorical measure of Alternative identity.
Estimates are robust to alternative measures of publicity, alternative model specifications, different sample selections, to a falsification analysis at simulated thresholds and to the possibility that firms learn about auctions from a web-based for-profit information provider.
Finally, to stimulate further research efforts, other important outlooks including computational issues, multivariate optimal design and measures of risk alternative to the standard expected loss minimisation are discussed.
At this point, new experiments maximizing the difference between the measured values of alternative models should be proposed and conducted.
However, it does not provide an appropriate method to measure the levels of alternative splicing events.
Our results are robust after using the propensity score matching procedure, Heckman two-stage sample selection method, alternative measure of CSR, and alternative definition of returnee managers.
We conduct a series of additional tests to ensure the robustness of our results, including propensity score matching, Heckman two-stage sample selection method, alternative measure of CSR, and alternative definition of returnee managers.
