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The potential benefits and risks associated with the inclusion of measures of abuse liability in industry-sponsored clinical trials is discussed.
Future studies should further examine timing of childhood abuse onset and include diverse measures of abuse, including those derived from longitudinal studies and validated reports.
In some studies that utilize both longitudinal and retrospective measures of abuse, more individuals report abuse retrospectively (Kendall-Tackett and Becker-Blease 2004).
Social desirability bias may have led to under-reporting certain aspects of empowerment, particularly the measures of abuse, and over-reporting participation in prenatal care.
Gazmararian and colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of studies with consistent measures of abuse and found that 4%to8%8% of women were abused during pregnancy [ 9].
Some studies have shown positive associations between different measures of abuse and birth outcomes [ 7, 11, 12, 15, 18- 21] but others did not [ 5, 9, 16, 17, 22].
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Sub-scales of the CTQ include measures of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect.
Consequently, there is a need for outcome studies in clinically representative samples that differentiate between genders as well as between alcoholics and poly-substance abusers, and that include both measures of substance abuse and Axis I (symptom disorders) and Axis II (personality disorders) disorders.
In Study 3 responses on the WRAQ converged well with interview responses, showed good psychometric properties, and showed moderate correlations with measures of childhood abuse and psychopathology.
While it remains to be seen whether this wave of new legislation will be more effective than previous quantitative prescription limits, which were shown to have no impact on measures of opioid abuse (Meara et al., 2016), these policies are certain to limit clinical autonomy and threaten the ability of practitioners to address the needs of individual patients.
Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index--which aggregates measures of political abuse, bribery and inefficient judicial systems--gives Russia a score of 28 out of a possible 100.
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determinations of abuse
measures of maltreatment
estimates of abuse
assessment of abuse
measures of delinquency
measures of well-being
measures of misery
measures of boredom
measures of privacy
measures of worklessness
measures of Expatriation
measures of revenue
measures of knowledge
measures of democratisation
measures of enthusiasm
measures of agreement
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