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No temporal changes in conductivity were found (other productivity measures not available), but TN increased significantly (2-fold) in all lakes that also had increases in fish Hg (Table S2).
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These proxy measures of ADL impairment may be more widely available in administrative data and may be able to minimize the effect of omitting information on direct measures of ADL impairment when such measures are not available.
In this paper we look at a particular case of the second category, in which a gold standard measure is not available.
A single 'gold standard' measure is not available for disease activity in RA or other inflammatory joint diseases, and simple criteria for defining remission must include multiple measures.
In cases where direct evidence elicited by preference-based measures is not available, establishing a mapping relationship between descriptive clinical measures on insomnia and quantitative effects of insomnia on HRQoL can be useful.
For publications in which means and standard deviations of the outcome measures were not available, we contacted the correspondence authors for the data.
Furthermore, while the U.S. system provides several cost saving measures to help startups participate in the patent system, such measures are not available in most foreign patent systems.
Claims data do not contain detailed information on symptoms, no self-reported burden of illness measures were obtained in this study, and quality of life measures were not available.
Because clinical outcome measures are not available in administrative claims data, the primary outcome measure used in this analysis was duration of therapy, measured over one year following the date antipsychotic treatment was initiated.
Retinopathy and kidney function measures were not available at each examination; therefore, we analyzed subsets having these additional measures (Table 3).
Our ongoing work in the Anabaptist communities incorporates additional measures of neurocognition (Cardenas et al. 2016) and subsyndromal symptoms, but these measures are not available for the non-Anabaptists in the Phenome Database (Potash et al. 2007).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com