The dynamic FBA simulations were repeated using the measured lineage-specific glucose uptake rates as parameters.
The peak nt diversity (0.066%), nt sequence entropy (0.72), aa diversity (0.088%), and aa sequence entropy (0.50) for mosquito-passaged strains was measured with lineage C at passage 15.
Plotting this ratio against nucleotide divergence (as a measure of lineage age) suggests that this may be particularly true for old lineages, whereas young lineages display more variable, sometimes very high, ratios.
While it has been reported that heat shock can alter ISC division rates measured by lineage labeling (Strand and Micchelli, 2011), we minimized these effects by using a single brief heat shock and a marking system that lacks GAL4.
The level of consensus change measured among lineages here was variable (table 1), yet the fact that one of two mosquito and two of three chicken lineages accrued just a single base substitution in the entire genome does not support the idea that cycling leads to considerable dampening of fixed sequence change and, therefore, rates of evolution.
as a measure of lineage-specific expression.
We found that for both muscles there is a significant anti-correlation between the lineage measures and physical proximity (Figure 4G; p = 0.0018 and p = 0.0002 for Gastrocnemius left and right, respectively, according to the MRCA depth measure, and p = 0.0063 and p = 0.0259 according to the percent of common mutations measure).
My wife, who also is on this business trip, is Asian American, of Japanese descent, the third generation of her family in California as measured along maternal lineage.
(Fig. 3A), Next, we also examined the influence of sik1 on the induction of the hematopoietic/endothelial lineage, measuring the expression of Runx1, VegfC and Flk1.
We calculated the average lineage measure within all pairs of satellite cells which are on the same myofiber (or muscle), and proceeded as above.
