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Unlike previous studies that are based on landscape pattern metrics, this current study measures landscape change directly.
This metric measures landscape character experience rather than quality, but can be converted to quality when combined with landscape preference information.
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The DOT has been and is continuing to develop streets that make walking more attractive through traffic calming measures, landscaped medians that provide shade, and public plazas that have been converted from streets.
Agents' heterogeneity exhibits a complex interplay with various forms of market institutions as indicated by macro-measures (landscape metrics, segregation index, and socioeconomic metrics).
In the first step, landscape metrics for measuring landscape fragmentation were identified.
Landscape metrics have been widely applied to measure landscape fragmentation in recent years.
Bharath et al. (2012b) has elucidated the dependency of the role of spatial resolution on measuring landscape structures in order to understand the different landscape patterns.
A set of landscape visibility metrics was created to measure landscape composition and configuration in each photograph using spatial data.
We obtained a differentiated analysis of present landscape dynamics by measuring landscape structure, vegetation, hydrology and nutrient concentration.
In order to guarantee the quality of calculation, reflect the characteristic information of scale and control calculating workloads, medium to large grains in the first domain of scale are suitably selected to measure landscape patterns (Zhao et al. 2003).
We measured landscape structure using an "organism-based" approach; landscape structure was characterized quantitatively using a spatially explicit local-scale distribution model for northern flying squirrels.
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