The aggregation done in this paper corresponds to the derived variables, which may not be measuring higher level properties per se [ 54].
In case of the mean-based measure, higher levels and/or greater skewness of polarization foster investment in further education (which takes time, but not necessarily leads to a change in education level), which increases the proportion of the employees with too many years of education in a given occupation group.
In case of the ISCO-based measure, higher levels and/or greater skewness of polarization allow the secondary-educated to move to higher-level positions (for which they might be undereducated), as demand increases, instead of moving to elementary occupations (which require primary education only).
It is easier and more accurate to titer out antibodies to a 50% end-point than to measure higher levels of neutralization or inhibition directly.
Afridi et al. (2008) measured higher levels of arsenic in the hair, blood, and urine of 196 diabetics participating in a study that included a total of 434 men from Hyderabad, Pakistan.
In these conditions, they measured higher levels of expression for several M2 macrophage markers (IL-10, CCL17, CCL18) in M1 macrophages than in M2 (polarized after 24 h incubation with 20 ng/ml IL-4).
We also demonstrated that, in our model, the inflammatory profile of synoviocytes from the inflamed area was conserved, since we measured higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in culture medium (14).
In agreement with this, we measured higher levels of IL1-β, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IFNγ or tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) protein in supernatants of cultured biopsies from that time point (see supplementary fig 5), yet detected no differences in these between treatment groups.
test to measure high levels of intelligence.
Instruments also measured high levels of sulfur in the rocks, probably in the form of sulfur salts.
She added that although the Potomac Basin study did not measure high levels of estrogen in the water, either from pharmaceutical waste or other sources, "that's certainly a concern".
