From the beginning of the 80'ies, quality of life scales and other multi-symptom scales were introduced, while scales specifically designed to measure fatigue have mainly been in use the last decade (Fig 1).
31 In addition, anthropometric measures have been mainly used to assess the status of obesity based on body composition up until the present.
These studies have mainly measured cortical thickness (94 96), which is modified by experience-dependent plasticity (97).
Studies using SBM have mainly measured regional or whole cortical thickness.
Previous sexual selection (and ecoimmunology) studies have mainly measured immune responses to novel antigens (immunocompetence) or observed parasite burdens, but our findings emphasize the importance of using functional challenges with real pathogens and measuring hosts' ability to cope with infection (health and survival) [ 20, 38, 41].
So far, statements on potential measures to improve palliative care have mainly reflected the points of view of experts from specialized palliative care and hospice organizations and institutions.
Studies using graph theory analysis of functional brain networks have mainly used symmetrical measures of statistical association or functional connectivity between pairs of brain regions or sensors (e.g., [12] [13]).
Empirical studies in animals have mainly focused on measures of health as estimates of tolerance, including survival [ 9], weight [ 10], and red blood cell count [ 11], whereas plant work has focused on more direct fitness estimates such as total fruit set [ 12] and seed production [ 13].
HLA-DR expression was measured on CD14-bright monocytes, which have mainly anti-inflammatory properties [ 41] and CD14-dull monocytes, which are more pro-inflammatory, since they selectively induce production of cytokines in response to viruses and immune complexes containing nucleic acids [ 42].
