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Hence, the GFI measures gene fragmentation as the difference in percent between SC and AC, and approaches 0 as SC and AC become similar.
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Gene fragmentation was detected for specific gene categories (secondary metabolism genes) in some genomes, especially FR13 and GY11.
A gene fragmentation index (GFI) was estimated to compare gene space fragmentation in different assemblies.
DNA shuffling by gene fragmentation and reassembly has dominated the literature since its first publication, but this fragmentation-based method is labor intensive.
We will compare the inconsistency I to the metabolic coherence (MC) introduced previously [ 15], which is a purely topological quantity that measures the fragmentation of effective metabolic gene networks (see Figure 1b).
We applied two measures: network fragmentation and betweenness centrality to identify genes that play the role of so called communication hubs (mediators of interactions between other, more peripheral genes).
Apoptosis was quantified using a cell death detection ELISA kit, which measures DNA fragmentation (Roche).
The apoptotic and necrotic status of the INS-1E cells at different glucose levels and after zinc chelation was tested by measuring the expression patterns of the anti-apoptotic gene, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and the pro-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and by measuring DNA fragmentation.
Measures of forest fragmentation typically consider forest loss and configurational change together.
In retinal degeneration slow mice and in transgenic mice expressing a mutant (Pro347Ser) rhodopsin gene, DNA fragmentation occurred after normal histogenetic cell death (also apoptosis) had ceased.
Anushah HOSSAIN: Using CAPTCHAs to Measure Internet Fragmentation.
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