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Consequently, plans found using a retrosynthetic approach are not necessarily optimal plans according to quality measures for synthesis plans.
We also discuss classical quality measures for synthesis plans, such as overall yield and convergency, and demonstrate that convergency has a built-in inconsistency which could render its use in synthesis planning questionable.
In this section, we investigate whether existing quality measures for synthesis plans can be expressed in this form, and we show that the very generic measure ({{mathrm{TW}}}) indeed can.
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To this end, several quality measures for ranking synthesis plans have been proposed.
The same effect was measured for a synthesis temperature of 1300 °C, with a 140% higher capacitance at 20 A/g for argon flow compared to vacuum annealing.
Once selected, additional data regarding potential confounders (for example, data on leukoreduction status) were collected, and studies were grouped according to their primary outcome measure for qualitative synthesis.
We will later demonstrate that the very generic quality measure ({{mathrm{TW}}}) for synthesis plans can be expressed in this form.
Stable isotopes such as deuterium (2H) have a long history as safe, effective methods for measuring synthesis of molecules in experimental animals and humans.
We previously developed a non-invasive method for measuring keratin synthesis in human skin using deuterated water labeling, serial collection of tape strips and measurement of deuterium enrichment in protein by mass spectrometry.
Three studies, have thus far employed the non-invasive method [138] PET imaging using the tracer α-[11C] methyl-L tryptophan (11C-AMT) for measuring serotonin synthesis in the human brain [139].
To measure DNA synthesis for the 24-hr time point, EdU (5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine; 2 mg/mL in 100 µL phosphate-buffered saline) was delivered as a second injection (ip) 2 hr prior to tissue collection (22 hr after vehicle, E2, or D3 injection).
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