It has been validated pharmacologically as a test of anxiety [50], but is also used to measure exploratory and locomotor drive in laboratory rodents [45].
The hole board test measures exploratory activity.
To deconfound interrelationships between motivation, exploration, and memory formation we manipulated motivational state prior to entering a spatial context, measured exploratory responses to the context and novel stimuli within it, and then examined motivation and exploration as predictors of memory outcomes.
There are two common methods for assessing the unidimensionality of a measure: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) [65].
This paper details the theoretical foundations of TIPS, reports reliability and validity measures (including both Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses), and discusses applications and implications of TIPS for teacher evaluation and professional development.
Dingemanse et al. (2012) measured exploratory behavior over time in great tits (Parus major) and found that, in 4 separate populations, among-individual variance was higher in repeated tests compared to an initial test.
There was also no significant difference across the two genotypes in tests designed to measure exploratory behavior or in a battery of systems physiology experiments designed to assess metabolic energy usage (locomotion, ingestive behaviors, weight, oxygen consumption, and respiratory quotient).
To investigate possible confounders of the Stroop test probably being the more robust measure, exploratory analyses were conducted.
The elevated-plus maze (EPM) was used to measure exploratory behaviors under dimly illuminated, less stressful conditions that produced nearly equal times in the open and closed arms to best reveal anxiogenic effects of treatment.
Spontaneous behavior was assessed by measuring exploratory activity in an open field.
