It consists of five scales measuring dysfunction [physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), role emotional (RE), social functioning (SF) and bodily pain (BP)] and three scales measuring negative as well as positive aspects of health [mental health (MH), vitality (VT) and general health (GH)].
As nerve conduction studies are able to measure dysfunction of large myelinated fibres, but not of small or unmyelinated fibres, the early detection of TTR-FAP remains difficult.
Let us examine the Rankin stroke scale, an instrument widely used to measure dysfunction in patients who experienced a stroke [ 14].
Alternatively, if several exposures act through the same biological pathway, methods for quantifying biomarkers of exposure (or effect) within the pathway can be developed to measure dysfunction in the pathway.
Another potential weakness is the subjective patient-rated questionnaire concerning possible ulnar nerve affliction, since this precludes any objective measures of dysfunction.
Markers exist to adjust crude death rates for injury severity: observed over expected deaths (O/E) adjust for injury; Case Mix Index (CMI) reflects disease burden, and Severity of Illness (SOI) measures organ dysfunction.
The NEECHAM confusion scale, developed by Neelon and Champagne et al. [ 17], measures cognitive dysfunction such as delirium.
The MOD score is constructed using simple physiologic measures of dysfunction in six organ systems and correlates in a graded fashion with the ICU mortality rate.
Full-field ERG measures of dysfunction were defined as: mild (70%–99% of normal amplitude), moderate (30%–69% of normal), severe (1%–29% of normal), or undetectable.
We tested this using BH3 profiling, a tool that measures mitochondrial dysfunction after treatment with peptides derived from BH3-only proteins.
