In [ 17], we introduced a measure called duplication distance that models the duplication of contiguous substrings over large genomic distances.
In our first analytical measure of duplication rates, we normalized the number of duplications observed in our eye-gene dataset by the total number of gene duplications calculated from the genomes of the clade of interest.
The three-band composite with the largest OIF value will have most information (as measured by variance) with the least amount of duplication (as measured by correlation).
We tested different definitions of gene duplication, measures of expression levels, and (for yeast) robustness of the results against removal of genes of the whole-gene duplication [ 27, 28] and ribosomal genes (Additional file 1).
According to (1), the relative essentiality in duplicates, P E -dup(t)/ P E * t), is given by (3) P E -dup (t ) P E ∗ (t ) = 1 − e − λ t, which measures the pure duplication effect on gene essentiality and does not depend on the sequence conservation.
The congruence of these measured and simulated distributions is consistent with the rates measured for the duplication and partitioning of EBV-derived plasmids in live HeLa cells applying to EBV genomes in B-cells transformed by EBV.
A measure of circuit duplication is adopted while recognizing that duplication may itself reduce the security of supply by, for example, providing additional leakage paths to earth.
The genome average for each variable was determined and then re-measured for each duplication group.
Both forward- and reverse-selection methods arrived at a model that included expression but did not include our PCR-based measure of the duplication.
We therefore used the ratio of secondary to primary (S/P) SB lengths as measure of SB duplication.
