Because a latent variable is more reliably measured by two or more measures, we disaggregated the deformed joint count into upper and lower extremities counts, and a count for other joints.
Second, our final statistical models did not include factors that have been shown to be associated with patterns of dental care utilization such as availability of providers, parental education and perceptions of need, and family socioeconomic status, however, we employed proxy measures by disaggregating this information from ZIP codes.
In particular, the SIP metric is disaggregated into measures of inter-group and intra-group exposure.
However, in some cases it might be possible to link perceptions of discrimination to objective measures such as gender disaggregated data on salary, training attendance or promotions, gender composition of top management positions, or analysis of the allocation of work tasks and workloads.
The number of outpatient clinics per 10.000 inhabitants is the only measure that is not disaggregated into public/private due to data constraints.
Nonetheless, when some measures, such as BMI, were disaggregated into various categories, the results were similar.
It should be noted that according to Eq. (1) home computer use and the time-varying country characteristics are measured at the country level and disaggregated to the student level, while the individual characteristics are measured at the student level.
To further explore these questions, the present study applied an intensive repeated measure design to disaggregate within-person variance (i.e., daily deviations from personal levels) from between-person variance.
Participants are adept in interpreting disaggregated data and basic summary measures, and engaging in benchmarking.
Koskinen's evidence that controlling for marital status almost eliminated the gender gap in the association between education and mortality argues for being more inclusive and using multiple measures of SES and interactions between these, disaggregated by sex (20).
