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Main outcome measures Crude and adjusted odds ratios for all psychosis, non-affective psychosis, and affective psychosis.
Main outcome measures Crude mortality, mortality in children under 5, and the proportion of caregivers both nationally and regionally adopting coping strategies to deal with insufficient food needs.
With regard to outcome measures, crude in-hospital mortality tended to increase in hospitals with fewer cardiologists, from 4.4% in the ≥10 cardiologists group to 16.4% in the group with no cardiologists.
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Even if we were able to measure crude numbers, these provide no context.
Graphical comparison between predicted and measured crude oil RI values using HGP-SVR, GA-SVR and ICA-SVR for the validation data are shown in Fig. 5.
Assuming that seroconversion occurred at the mid-date between the last available negative HIV test and the first available positive HIV test, longitudinally measured crude HIV incidence was 2.87 per 100 people per year (95% CI 2.53 3.27) (Table 2).
We measured crude and adjusted odds ratios over the study region using fixed-scale grids and a smoothing algorithm of overlapping circular units.
The effects of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) on combustion were quantified by measuring crude-oil oxidation kinetics and elucidated by capturing front and fuel deposition behavior.
For a test that is longer than one item, replicate measures (albeit crude measures) of X i are available.
Nevertheless, we acknowledge that our adversity measures are crude operationalizations of vastly complex exposures.
But that assumption is based on testing kidney function by measuring serum creatinine levels, a measure too crude to pick up subtle deficiencies in function.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com