Studies were assessed for comparability based on the populations included, trial arms, outcome measures and duration of follow-up.
For study characteristics, he extracted information on target population (age, sex, setting, injury grade, sample size), treatment, outcome measures, and duration of follow-up.
Owing to heterogeneity in population characteristics, intervention components, outcome measures and duration of interventions, it was not possible to complete a meta-analysis.
Marketing authorization holders run randomised controlled trials for regulatory purposes, whose design deviates from real life settings due to comparator choice, exclusion and inclusion criteria, patient population, duration of the trials, setting, outcome measures and duration.
The overall quality of many studies reviewed was limited, with shortcomings related to trial design, sample size, choice of comparison groups, outcome measures and duration of follow up [ 26].
Other possible explanations for the observed heterogeneity include variability in study quality, interventions to reduce vancomycin, study populations and their selection, differences between interventions and control groups including non-concurrence, differences in outcome measures and duration of follow up.
Additional review issues for PRO instruments applied in children and youth include age-related vocabulary, language comprehension, comprehension of the health concept measured, and duration of recall.
Moreover, the selected studies are often very heterogeneous differing in sample size, design, population characteristics, type and dose of supplements used, end points measured and duration of the study, which may contribute to inconclusive and conflicting results.
This adheres to the recommendations of the FDA who observe that issues for PRO instruments applied to children include "age-related vocabulary, language comprehension, comprehension of the health concept measured, and duration of recall" [ 2].
In summary, we construct twelve networks based on four levels (antennae, departments, regions, and poles) and three measures (number and duration of calls, and movement trajectory).
The data extracted from each study included cohort characteristics (age, gender, fracture), treatment (surgical and post-operative management), outcome measures, results and duration of follow-up.
