Dark J V measurements use electrical methods to inject carriers into the circuit rather than with photogenerated carriers to provide additional information about the cell for diagnostic purposes.
The intrinsic electrical conductivity of the manufactured polymeric systems allows TUNA measurements without using electrical conductive paint, which is usually employed for polymeric systems to ensure effective electrical contacts to the ground.
The DC and AC transport measurements were performed using electrical properties measurement system ET-90000) with a lock-in amplifier (SR830) by the standard four-probe method.
The simulation outputs corresponded well with previously reported experimental observations and measurements carried out using electrical capacitance tomography and high-speed camera techniques in the present study.
Pain threshold measurements were performed using electrical cutaneous stimulation of both forearms.
The electrical measurements were done using electrical characterization unit (Keithley 4200 SCS).
Using electrical measurements on short-channel CNFETs I quantified the semiconducting purity to a high degree of statistical confidence.
Therefore, this relationship would allow the indirect assessment of the water flux using electrical measurements.
Using electrical measurements and mass spectrometry, we find a photoresponsivity of ∼104 A W−1, which translates into a gain of ∼104 protons per photon with response times in the microsecond range.
Our results indicate the potential for using electrical measurements to characterize and monitor EtOH spills in the subsurface.
