Osteoporosis is clinically assessed from bone mineral density measurements using dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA).
This study aimed to compare the variability of whole body measurements, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among geographically distinct centres versus that over time in a given centre.
At the moment, the golden standard used in fracture risk assessment is bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Previous single-shot temperature and CO2 concentration measurements using dual-pump CARS in this liquid-fueled combustor were limited to an equivalence ratio of 0.45, with standard deviations in temperature of about 5 6% of the mean value of 1143 K (Lucht et al., AIAA J. 41 (4) (2003) 679 686).
We also performed a standard urinalysis, resting electrocardiogram, body composition measurement using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and in controls, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to ensure normal glucose tolerance.
Non-dichotomous risk factors abstracted included: age (<65, 65 69, 70 74, 75 79, 80 84, 85+ years); bone mineral density total hip T-score (> -1, -1 to -2.5, ≤ -2.5) (measurements were made using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using Lunar or Hologic densitometers) [ 13].
Femoral-neck and total hip BMD (g/cm), BMC (g/cm) together with neck width (cm) and area (cm) measurements were performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DPX-L™, Lunar Co, Madison, Wi, USA) of the contralateral unfractured/nonoperated proximal femur.
To compare measurements of corneal indices using dual rotating Scheimpflug Placido, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Placido scanning-slit systems.
Proposed model can estimate the position of the actuator under varying applied stresses with an approximate accuracy of 95% only using dual resistance measurements across the two different material compositions.
Cell-cycle landmarks were confirmed using dual parameter measurements of DNA and either cyclin B1 (Gong et al, 1995; Widrow et al, 1997) or the mitosis-specific protein MPM2 (Juan et al, 2001).
Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements.
