Sentence examples for measurements of selection from inspiring English sources

Therefore, quantitative measurements of selection are biologically interesting and valuable.

The measurements of selection, coupled with a comparison of trait values, allowed us to explore mechanisms for fitness differences between hatchery and naturally spawned salmon.

Because measurements of selection are likely to reflect both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent components and because frequency-dependent selection may not have direct effects on population dynamics (Saccheri and Hanski 2006), we used the following procedure to estimate both frequency-independent and frequency-dependent components of selection on size-at-hatching.

The aim of this opinion piece is to clarify the definition and measurement of selection coefficients in evolution experiments investigating fitness effects of mutations.

A dimensionless measurement of selection that allows comparison between studies carried out over different time scales is then 3.1 where T is the generation time [ 22, p. 178].

Although some AI were performed during the same period in both groups, others were not and this could have led to some inaccuracy in the measurement of selection response in G2.

Bringing together a mix of the common tools used in evolutionary biology, potentially including multilevel measurement of selection, adaptive arguments based on functional traits, modelling of evolutionary processes, selection experiments, comparison of populations and species, manipulation of traits and measurement of plasticity will be needed.

Jones and Ratterman (2009) point out that the main progress of the research field of sexual selection is based on three approaches: theoretical modelling of mate choice mechanisms, molecular techniques to study parentage in natural populations and measurement of selection differentials through quantitative genetics.

Neither of these methods – measurement of selection and comparative analysis – lacks severe limitations on the rigor of strong-inference hypothesis testing, given the problematic nature of reconstructing thousands or millions of years in history from snapshots of present-day variation and scraps in the fossil record.

Assessment of such effects is commonly carried out through measurements of phenotypic selection (such as selection gradient analyses) that examine a phenotypic value against a measure of fitness, partitioned by sex (Fig. 2).

(a) Measurements of centralized selection, (b) simulations of centralized selection, (c) measurements of distributed selection and (d) simulations of distributed selection.