Exact(1)
These studies have estimated the maternal exposure from geographical areas [ 26, 27], farm residence [ 28], by measurements of persistent pesticides in breast milk [ 29] or occupation [ 30].
Similar(58)
A method, based on the measurement of persistent low magnetic field near the surface of high-Tc superconducting tape was proposed.
Specific recommendations for use of existing data include the development of conversion models for the different media used for measurement of persistent chemicals, and inter-laboratory comparisons and calibrations.
Although some authors recommended lipid standardization for the measurement of persistent lipophilic chemicals [e.g., [ 11]], a recent simulation study showed that PCB lipid standardization or the division of serum concentrations by serum lipids is potentially prone to bias [ 63].
Use of lipid weight (PCB per unit of serum lipids) as opposed to wet weight (PCB per unit of serum) has been advocated for the measurement of persistent lipophilic chemicals (Brown and Lawton 1984), especially if one assumes body burden equilibrium.
Recommendations for further data collection include more evaluation of exposure to these chemicals in children; repeated measurements of non-persistent chemicals; validation and harmonisation of questionnaires; and the development of mechanisms for fast European birth cohort response for the detection and prioritisation of new chemicals of concern.
Although the original study (Park et al. 2009) is one of a few large cohort studies in the world with high-quality measurements of low-level persistent pollutants, several limitations not previously mentioned should be noted.
The blood pressure measurements of the patients with persistent proteinuria were normal except in one patient who had a high diastolic blood pressure.
Admission glucose and fasting glucose as predictors of outcome have the drawback that they are based on a single measurement and thus are not indicative of persistent hyperglycaemia [ 1- 5, 10, 11, 13, 14].
In the present study, the longitudinal analysis of a cohort of children examined in 2003 and 2010 showed that the presence of wheezing disorders (wheezing or asthma attack) at the time of both measurements (persistent phenotype) was associated with a smaller increase in forced flows (particularly FEF25 75).
Patients were stratified as normoalbuminuric if they, in two out of three consecutive measurements, had persistent normoalbuminuria with UAER <30 mg/24 h and were considered microalbuminuric or macroalbuminuric if UAER was between 30 and 300 mg/24 h or >300 mg/24 h, respectively.
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