To validate the models, we used the leave one out cross validation method— that is, systematically subtracting each of the monitoring points from the model one by one, and then comparing the predicted value for each monitoring location with the measured level at the location without using this measurement in the development of the model.
TEC measurements assist in the development of ionospheric models, such as the International Reference Ionosphere IRII) (Bilitza, 2001; Bilitza and Reinisch, 2008).
Increased attention to childrens' special position within poverty measurement resulted in the development of various child poverty approaches in the last decade.
ØG did the radiological control measurements and participated in the development of the Radiological Measures Protocol.
Some of the approaches used to improve the reliability and biocompatibility of pH sensors for in-vivo pH measurements include the development of new pH-sensitive materials, optimization of sensor designs, modification of existing microfabrication techniques, and development of new technologies.
In psychological and educational research, the presence of substantial measurement error resulted in the development of linear structural relation (or LISREL) models (see, for example, Jöreskog & Sörbom 1984; Muthén 2002) and latent regression (also known as multilevel item response theory) models (Adams, Wu, & Carstensen, 2007; Fox & Glas 2002).
Recent advances in health profile measurement include the development of measures based on item response theory.
The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) has extensive experience in the development of isotopic reference materials and the organization of interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) for nuclear measurements in compliance with the respective international guidelines (ISO Guide 34 2009 and ISO/IEC 17043 2010).
In addition to neurobiological measurements, the development of other innovative methods within the field of criminology is expanding.
The introduction by Weil and Safar of monitors attached to digital computers to continuously monitor respiratory and hemodynamic measurements was a defining moment in the development of critical care medicine [ 1].
