Sentence examples for measurements in force from inspiring English sources
Averaged AFM measurements in force mode with a 1-µm spherical bead attached to the cantilever indicated that the stiffness (Young's modulus) of unstimulated individual cells was approximately 300 Pa, close to values reported in acutely isolated hippocampal glial cells and neurons (Lu et al., 2006).
Lange et al. (2002) mentioned a number of MUPs obtained during 1.5 s measurements in static force tasks, which renders the frequency of about 4 5 MUPs/s for 10% MVC test, and about 8 MUPs/s for 20% MVC test.
This is consistent with the AFM force measurements in which the adhesion force was higher for the TiO2 (110) surface compared to the other two surfaces.
Elastic deformation of compliant solids caused by viscous forces can also occur during dynamic force measurements in instruments such as the surface forces apparatus (SFA) or the atomic force microscope (AFM).
As an illustrative example to a practical problem in vibrations, the parameter, delay upper bound, and state estimation from noise-corrupted measurements in a distributed force model widely used for modeling machine tool vibrations in the turning operation is investigated.
A statistical treatment was used to account for differences in force measurements between cantilevers which might be due to not only the number and position of cells, but also differences in cell metabolic activity.
In force measurements, surfaces jump to contact when the gradient of the intersurface potential exceeds the spring constant.
The sensor consists of a silicon cantilever beam with a piezoresistive force sensor suitable for high-accuracy force measurements in the nanoNewton to milliNewton range.
Among advantages of OT include; the ability to impose simple and well controlled stress states, it surpassed the contact problem, free from contaminants and provides high accuracy in force measurement.
There results indicate that our FS can achieve sub-millinewton sensitivity in force measurement.
Thus, in addition to high sensitivity in force measurement, vitreoretinal microsurgery also requires using small size sensors that can be integrated into sub-millimetric instrument shafts.
