The IEEE C37.118 standard defines methods for evaluation of synchrophasor measurements, time synchronization, application of time-tags to the measurements and format of messages to be exchanged over the network.
Since multiple receivers need to make synchronized measurements, a time synchronization approach is necessary.
This kind of methods use relative time measurements rather than absolute time measurements and time synchronization is only needed at the receivers.
But, as TOA measurements need for time synchronization between wireless nodes, round-trip time (RTT) measurements have been used in this paper.
The phasor measurement unit (PMUs), equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise time synchronization, provides measurements of voltage and current phasors at different nodes of the wide area monitoring system.
Generally, data accuracy demands the synchrophasor measurements, such as phasor measurements, frequency and ROCOF estimates, and time synchronization, within acceptable errors; data availability requires the measurement data to be complete, consistent, and without loss; and data timeless refers to the measurement data delivered to their destinations within acceptable latencies.
The aim of this paper is to provide a new hybrid strength time-based method for indoor localization that takes advantage of easily available RSS measurements and does not need time synchronization thanks to RTT (Round-Trip Time) measurements.
Timing synchronization: Coarse time synchronization (Frame synchronization), and fine timing synchronization.
In general, the synchronization process in DVB-T2 is achieved in two categories: (i) Timing synchronization: Coarse time synchronization (Frame synchronization), and fine timing synchronization.
