The association was stronger in studies with median or higher exposure measurement scores (summary OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.68 3.58) compared with those with lower scores (summary OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 0.83 2.51).
The lack of prior literature on the appropriate specification of BPA exposure during pregnancy makes it difficult to determine if a single measurement or summary measurement of BPA concentration more accurately quantifies exposure.
This software combines the individual measurements into summary indices: central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR), based on published validated formulae (18 20).
The software then combined the individual measurements into summary indices: LDR was calculated as the length from the midpoint of the first branch to the midpoint of the second branch, divided by the diameter of the parent vessel at the first branch.
Although in this study, the mean gap between measurements used to calculate summary measures was 4.3 months, patients in whom the gap between one or more serial measurements exceeded 18 months were not included in the analyses.
Most monitoring studies measured phthalate concentrations in similar foods which were then combined to report one summary measurement per food group/category (i.e. concentrations of white bread and wheat bread combined for one summary "bread" measurement).
In summary, measurement of the postload plasma glucose concentration has additive value to models based only on fasting measurements in predicting the future risk for type 2 diabetes.
The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the associations between FPC scores, original glucose measurements and several simple summary measures of OGTT: fasting value, 2-h value, AUC and a simple shape index.
Pooled allelic effects were estimated both under a fixed effects model and a random effects model, and the pooled OR with its 95% CIs was used as the summary measurement.
In summary, measurement of global gene and miRNA expression in embryonic and adult human livers revealed multiple regulated genes and demonstrated changes in the expression patterns upon progression in the developmental process.
