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This may happen for instance when tree identification is based on a certain measurement order of trees.
Randomization of measurement order and normalization of the data will eliminate the technical bias.
The model operationalises the formal axioms of measurement (order, unidimensionality and additivety) allowing interval level data to be gained from questionnaires [ 11].
In each round the measurement order was randomized between different column and row patterns starting either at outer points and going inward or at inner points and going outward.
According to the algorithm, glucose values between 60 and 80 mg/dl only required a reduction of the insulin infusion rate by 0.5 IU/h (no 1-h glucose measurement order).
To evaluate the intra-examiner variability, we computed the correlation (Pearson, two-tailed) between the first and the second round of PPT measurements (according to point location, not measurement order) used to compute the mean PPT value for each subject.
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Standard statistical data pre-processing techniques, including quantile normalization and randomization of measurement orders, were applied first to eliminate technical bias due to random variations from biological samples and their replicates.
In relation to chronic illness care, nurses and AHWs provide a range of services including basic measurements, ordering lab investigation, taking samples, filling dosettes and dispersing medications to clients.
A linear, mixed effects model was used to manage the repeated measurements, the order of measurement (type of device operator combination), and the individual participants' covariates.
A second image was recorded after the completion of the FCS measurements in order to exclude measurements in which the cell moved during the experiment.
All enzymes were appropriately diluted for measurements in order to measure reactions within the linear range of the assay.
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