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The measurement of left atrium, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and ejection fraction on the echocardiogram were 43.1 ± 7.8 mm, 63.5 ± 12.6 mm and 37.8 ± 7.9%, respectively, and did not reach statistical differences after CHF staging (Table 1).
Measurement of left ventricular maximal wall thickness (MWT), left atrial dimension, and left ventricular dimensions at end-systole and end-diastole was performed using 2-dimensional echocardiography in accordance with previously published methods.
Endocardial tracing allowed for measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) (a), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVDia) (b) and left ventricular myocardial thickness (LVMT) (c) to enable afterload calculation.
Participants underwent exercise testing and measurement of left ventricular EF (echocardiography) and then cardiac catheterization, where left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt) and decline (-dP/dt) were recorded.
Level of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular function were the main outcome measure.
Participants underwent computerized phonoelectrocardiographic analysis, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measurement, transthoracic echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing.
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The M-mode measurements of left atrial and left ventricular dimensions may not sample exactly maximum and minimum wall thickness, may be subject to angle errors, and were not performed blinded with respect to treatment status.
Indirect measurement of left-atrial pressure in surgical patients--pulmonary-capillary wedge and pulmonary-artery diastolic pressures compared with left-atrial pressure.
In M-mode, we recorded measurements of left atrial (LA) diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters (LVEDD and LVESD, respectively), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), interventricular septum thickness (IVSd), and left ventricular shortening fraction (LV-SF).
13 Measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction were additionally determined in accordance with the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines.
Two consecutive beats in three M-mode images (6 beats total) were used for measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (LVESD), and posterior wall thickness (PWT).
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