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Second, we exploit the decomposed PHD filter to extract the estimated states and obtain their corresponding measurement labels, which guarantees the association and fusion of states from different PEs.
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The coatings have been characterized through wettability measurements, labeling coupled with X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy.
The resultant electrode was washed with water and used for electrochemical measurements (labeled as Au/AuNPs).
For SR-DUV microscopy and TEM measurements, label-free GdBN were used.
In this study, plot-level AGB values estimated from field measurements (labelled as "AGB field estimates" in this article) in given inventory areas are predicted ("predictions") in new validation plot locations ("validation set") using linear model which is calibrated using field measurements obtained from the respective areas ("training set").
We would like to compare all the REFF and REFB estimators, as well as the estimator proposed in [27] (first iteration) using TOA measurements, labeled the LS1 estimator, and the estimator proposed in [33] using the full TDOA set, namely the REFF-LS2 estimator.
To gauge the error incurred by assumption (ii) we measured the amplification efficiency of all genes in three cell-lines in addition to our universal comparator, thus yielding four efficiency measurements labelled in what follows as e (see Additional file 9).
The intact protein measurement, O/O labeling, N/N labeling and mass spectrometry-related sample preparation and data analysis are detailed in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.
In our notation, the outcome of the measurement also labels the estimate, so β stands for both indistinctly.
Ants are imaged using a dual camera setup that produces both barcode-based identification and fluorescence measurement of labeled food.
These were not previously subject to fuel economy measurement and labeling requirements.
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