Slant TEC calculated from the code measurements are absolute but noisy.
Concentration and parameter measurements are absolute but may be re-verified using particle standards.
Since the measurement of angles is absolute, independent of any convention concerning the selection of units, it follows that an absolute unit of length exists.
The external speed characteristics of the engine primarily resulting from the dynamic measurement is the absolute result of the measurement.
It should be noted that the positioning error estimated from the standard deviation of repeated pass-through measurement is not absolute error but deviation from the average measurement at each position.
If the measurements must be taken in separate assays, each measurement is effectively an absolute measurement and must be quantified in comparison with a set of calibration standards run with each test batch.
Technical advancements are still needed in instances where sensitive and absolute measurement is necessary, such as single-cell gene expression measurements, and in validation of evolving quantitative or semiquantitative gene expression instrumentation.
Another measurement is the normalized sum of absolute difference (SADnorm).
In this paper, a novel color-coding method for absolute phase measurement is proposed.
A system designed for absolute activity measurement is described using a digital method.
