Instead of centralized online optimization of setpoints, self-optimizing control searches for a set of controlled variables which can be kept at constant setpoints despite disturbances and measurement errors, resulting in performance with acceptable steady-state loss.
Sandri and Marzocchi (2007) numerically and analytically studied the biases introduced by the accumulation, logarithmic transformation and measurement errors resulting from this method.
However, limb darkening and measurement errors resulted in uncertainty about the accuracy of these measurements.
In terms of tablets prepared by spraying, this parameter did not imply any evident dependence on the amount of drug in liquid phase in relation to the carrier material and testing of faster wetting time could be affected by measurement errors resulting in higher values of standard deviation (Table 5).
This result indicates that the results of the least squares estimation may be affected by the measurement error, resulting in an increase in the ROE coefficient estimation.
One explanation may be that since the respondents who have a number of siblings exceeding six and do not have sisters are rare, the measurement error resulted in a group with extremely high levels of education.
In psychological and educational research, the presence of substantial measurement error resulted in the development of linear structural relation (or LISREL) models (see, for example, Jöreskog & Sörbom 1984; Muthén 2002) and latent regression (also known as multilevel item response theory) models (Adams, Wu, & Carstensen, 2007; Fox & Glas 2002).
Such interpolations are a further cause of measurement error, resulting in dilution of the estimated association.
Measurement error, resulting from unidentified or unreported diagnoses of schizophrenia, PQI indicators, or medical comorbidities may bias results.
