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It is also important to point out that the study of intergenerational mobility in quantitative variables should rely on the permanent values of these variables in order to minimize potential biases and measurement errors arising from using one year observations for both fathers and sons.
Because the variational modularity was assessed by investigating the covariations among pattern elements, we needed to ensure that measurement errors arising from the digitization process were negligible compared with the shape variations in the pattern elements.
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It is not clear whether this variability represents measurement error arising from the assays and sampling procedures, or true inter-individual differences in the effects between women.
To quantify the isoflurane measurement error arising from the use of short wavelength infrared (IR) anaesthetic gas analysis during low flow anaesthesia in horses.
However, to minimize potential measurement error arising from the low internal consistency, this construct was treated as a latent variable in the subsequent analysis [40].
Based on the results of this study, a more detailed testing protocol was devised to minimise measurement error arising from electrogoniometer re-attachment.
This approach is likely to contain measurement error arising from parents who indicate 'yes' based, for example, on professional opinion rather than formal diagnostic assessment.
We used a single clinic site at each village (generally a central point such as the village hall or health centre) to reduce measurement error arising from differences in clinic conditions.
Measurement error arises if an explanatory variable is measured with additive random errors.
Kilgour (15) demonstrated that while some measurement error arises during the placement and reading of the goniometer, the majority of it is most likely related to difficulties in determining end-range joint positioning.
Non-sampling errors encompass all other sources of errors involved in a survey, which can be the faulty application of definitions, classification errors, measurement errors, errors arising from the application of functions and models, calculation errors, or frame errors (i.e. the sample population is different from the target population).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com