Sentence examples for measurement error vector from inspiring English sources

The attacker can change only the unprotected SVs ((x_{N - k})) without detection because all the corresponding measurements are those that can be tampered with (z_{{M - m}}^) (the measurement error vector e in (2) is ignored).

frac{{partial varvec{j} varvec{x})}}{{partial varvec{x}}} = 0 (17)where (varvec{j} varvec{x}) = Delta varvec{z}^{text{T}} varvec{R}^{ - 1} Delta varvec{z}) is the objective function; (Delta varvec{z} = varvec{z} - varvec{h} varvec{x})) is the vector of measurement residuals; (varvec{R}) is the covariance matrix of measurement error vector.

In general, the relationship between the measurement vector y (measured spectrum) and the state vector x to be retrieved can be expressed by a nonlinear forward model F describing the radiative transfer in the atmosphere: {mathbf{y}} = {mathbf{F}}({mathbf{x}},{mathbf{b}}) + {varvec{upvarepsilon}}, (3)where b is the additional not-retrieved state vector and ε the measurement error vector.

where z=[z 1…z M ]T is the vector of the measurements obtained from real instrumentation in the network and of the chosen pseudo-measurements, h=[h 1…h M ]T is the vector of measurement functions, x=[x 1…x N ]T is the vector of the chosen state variables and e is the measurement error vector, which is a zero-mean random vector with covariance matrix Σ z.

As a starting point, the elements of the measurement error vector (ε i ) are assumed independent.

In presence of the RSS measurement error, variable vector, φ, in (16) can be obtained using WLS method, which the details are discussed in [4].

In order to solve the problem of the low accuracy of the model in traditional dynamic measurement error prediction, support vector machine (SVM) is applied to predicting the dynamic measurement error of sensors.

The opportunity of using polymer fibers and COTS components to improve the indoor coverage of the MB-OFDM UWB standard is so reported by the measurement of the Error Vector Magnitude or the Relative Constellation Error variation as a function of the system parameters (RF power, optical attenuation, fiber length…) as well as the compliance of the eye diagram with the mask testing.

The vector b is usually contaminated by an unknown error e generating from measurement error, which often called the vector e as ''noise''.

It is shown, in particular, that the fuzzy algorithm based on the Takagi-Sugeno inference that uses Gaussian membership functions and the defuzzification procedure as the centroid, will coincide with the point-mass algorithm that corresponds to the problem solution within the Bayesian approach with the Gaussian measurement errors and the vector to be estimated.

Through real-time bit error rate and error vector magnitude measurements, we show that the NCC-OFDMA system can significantly improve the communication quality and robustness, while enabling data transmission between multiple users, as known from theoretical analyses.