Differences may also be attributed to variation in thickness and composition of the soft tissue layers overlying the bone surface, as this can induce significant inaccuracies and measurement errors, thus limiting the predictive ability of the QUS parameters [ 25, 26].
Although the BFI is most related to the deficit accumulation index, its advantage over other measures is that it has weighted frailty indicators corrected for measurement error, which thus supports a more internally reliable measurement of frailty.
The expected time shift measurement error is thus approximately (0.12 + 0.12 1/2 ms, corresponding to a current estimation error of ~7%.
Some studies that explore household consumption behaviour treat the disturbance term as stemming from measurement error and, thus, usually assume that the variance of the disturbance term is the same for all households.
That said, we presume that the rapid, cardiac cycle-dependent undulations in flow would result in random Tmn measurement error and thus have less influence on our observations as a whole.
Lower SEM and SDD values indicate lower measurement error, and thus better reliability.
Effects involving items are typically viewed as measurement error and thus are not reported.
The minimal detectable change is dependent on measurement error, and thus depends on the number of measurements.
The 6MWD demonstrated the smallest measurement error and, thus, has the capacity to detect the smallest real change above measurement error, making it (potentially) the preferred measurement tool.
To account for exposure measurement error and thus decrease any downward bias in the effect estimates, models were weighted by the inverse of measurement error (exposure) variance of the five laboratory replicates per sample.
