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For application of these tools in clinical practice, however, their precision (or measurement error) needs to be analyzed in order to define appropriate follow-up intervals.
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In order to use the spindle probe measurement as a means of correcting deviations in machining, the magnitude of measurement errors needs to be quantified.
For the optimization the reliability analysis of the analytical system and the risk analysis of the measurement error are needed.
To optimize the QC planning process a reliability analysis of the analytical system and a risk analysis of the measurement error are needed.
For that, a good estimate of the measurement error is needed, which is often not known.
For the particular case of the study on PFAs, Bayesian inference of ORs indicates that little adjustment for exposure measurement error is needed for the magnitude of error determined from the quality control experiment.
The existence of IRT as a direct model for measurement error obviates the need for such remedies as nonparametric bounds and instrumental variable methods.
Fixed measurement error variances may be needed to statistically identify some models, but that is not why we need them in the current context, or recommend them in general.
The RMSE of the proposed technique converges after nine iterations for σ θ =1°, while it converges after five iterations for σ θ =20° and σ θ =45° as shown in Fig. 5. Hence, the iteration converges faster with a higher standard deviation of the measurement error because lower σ θ needs more times to achieve better accuracy.
Therefore, data of stable patients is needed to detect measurement error over time (longitudinal approach) [ 47, 48].
An alert rule was created so that when more than 10% of the records of an observer were above or below the 5th and 95th percentiles, according to the measurements obtained in the pilot study, a suspected measurement error was flagged, and indicated the need for retraining the observer.
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