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By using refined dust sampling methods we should be able to reduce exposure measurement error, likely random, leading to increased associations with exposure biomarkers.
Naylor et al. [ 15] have shown that the variation in marking this point can be up to 10 cm, and this added source of measurement error likely also contributed to the poor performance of the scratch test in previous evaluations.
Such non-systematic measurement error likely introduced noise into the dataset which could have made detection of differences in BMD measures more difficult but it is unlikely to have biased the results.
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Some degree of inaccuracy in reporting or recording this information is inevitable, however it seems likely that misclassifications would be random, and random measurement error is likely only to attenuate any relationships, not produce spurious relationships.
Restricting analyses to studies unlikely to have substantial biomarker or exposure measurement error, studies likely to have biomarker and/or exposure error, or studies likely to have both sources of error resulted in standardized mean differences of 0.55 (0.66–0.90), 0.66 (0.37–0.95), and 0.65 (0.34–0.96), respectively.
This measurement error is likely to be non-negligible because the United States is well known for the volume of internal migration.
This type of measurement error most likely hampers the detection of significant changes over time.
This measurement error is likely nondifferential and would bias our results towards the null.
In addition, because diet was assessed only once, measurement error is likely.
Any non-differential measurement error is likely to provide conservative estimates of group differences.
Compared to methods that ascertain individual-level exposure, some additional measurement error is likely from this group-based approach.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com